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https://www.britannica.com/art/automatism-art
Automatism, technique first used by Surrealist painters and poets to express the creative force of the unconscious in art. In the 1920s the Surrealist poets André Breton, Paul Éluard, Robert Desnos, Louis Aragon, and Philippe Soupault tried writing in a hypnotic or trancelike state, recording their train of mental associations without censorship or attempts at formal exposition.
https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/a/automatism
Various forms of automatic drawing and painting were developed by artists such as Joan Miro, Andre Masson as well as Ernst. Later automatism played some part in the abstract expressionism of Jackson Pollock and others and was an important element in the European movements of …
http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/definitions/automatism.htm
Automatism in visual art can occur as a result of any technique that eliminates conscious control of the artistic process, and replaces it with chance (as in the techniques of frottage, grattage and decalcomania), unconscious movements (caused by dreams, hypnosis, drugs and so on). Most of these methods were pioneered or developed by surrealist painters, although (as described above) automatic …
https://smarthistory.org/surrealist-techniques-automatism/
Automatism was a group of techniques used by the Surrealists to facilitate the direct and uncontrolled outpouring of unconscious thought. In his first Surrealist Manifesto, André Breton provided a dictionary-style definition that made automatism virtually a synonym of Surrealism.
https://www.widewalls.ch/magazine/psychic-automatism
Dec 20, 2016 · December 20, 2016. Eli Anapur. When in 1924 André Breton (1896-1966) published the Manifesto of Surrealism he explained this movement through the concept of pure psychic automatism. The idea of an uninhibited creative psyche was conceived as the modus operandi for Surrealists. Defining Surrealism from the outset as a psychic automatism he later reconceptualized it along the …
https://www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning/themes/surrealism/tapping-the-subconscious-automatism-and-dreams/
Automatism plays a role in Surrealists techniques such as spontaneous or automatic writing, painting, and drawing; free association of images and words; and collaborative creation though games like Exquisite Corpse. Surrealists were also deeply interested in interpreting dreams as conduits for unspoken feelings and desires.
https://quizlet.com/40442084/chapter-13-flash-cards/
_____ used the harsh disjunctions of photomontage as a propaganda weapon and was an innovator in the preparation of mechanical art for offset printing. A Berlin Dadaist, he held revolutionary political beliefs and oriented many of his artistic activities toward visual communications to raise public consciousness and promote social change.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Max-Ernst
Max Ernst, German painter and sculptor who was one of the leading advocates of irrationality in art and an originator of the Automatism movement of Surrealism. He became a naturalized citizen of both the United States (1948) and France (1958). Ernst’s early interests were psychiatry and philosophy,
https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/f/frottage
The technique was developed by Max Ernst in drawings made from 1925. Frottage is the French word for rubbing. Ernst was inspired by an ancient wooden floor where the grain of the planks had been accentuated by many years of scrubbing. The patterns of the graining suggested strange images to him.
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