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https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/f/frottage
The technique was developed by Max Ernst in drawings made from 1925. Frottage is the French word for rubbing. Ernst was inspired by an ancient wooden floor where the grain of the planks had been accentuated by many years of scrubbing. The patterns of the graining suggested strange images to him.
https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/max-ernst-1065
Max Ernst (2 April 1891 – 1 April 1976) was a German (naturalised American in 1948 and French in 1958) painter, sculptor, graphic artist, and poet. A prolific artist, Ernst was a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and surrealism.
https://www.moma.org/artists/1752
A key member of first Dada and then Surrealism in Europe in the 1910s and 1920s, Max Ernst used a variety of mediums—painting, collage, printmaking, sculpture, and various unconventional drawing methods—to give visual form to both personal memory and collective myth.
https://paintingcreativity.com/frottage-technique-in-art/
Dec 27, 2019 · Frottage is a technique of dry friction which has its origin in graphics. It was developed by the famous surrealist artist Max Ernst. He created hundreds of frottage drawings in the second half of 1925. Thirty-four were published a year later with the title “Histoire naturelle” (Natural History).
https://seattleartistleague.com/2016/10/25/max-ernst-frottage-free-freeze/
Oct 25, 2016 · Max Ernst used texture rubbings to overcome his fear of the white canvas, and ignite his imagination. “Painting is not for me either decorative amusement, or the plastic invention of felt reality; it must be every time: invention, discovery, revelation.” Max Ernst, 1891-1976
https://www.britannica.com/art/frottage
Frottage was used by Max Ernst and other members of the Surrealist movement, for whom it often provided the starting point for more elaborate compositions such as paintings and collages.
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